Pendidikan Inklusif: Pengertian, Landasan Pedagogis, Filosofis dan Yuridis
Pendidikan inklusif merupakan suatu upaya pendidikan indonesia untuk dapat menjangkau semua kalangan, tanpa membedakan kondisi fisik peserta didik.Permendiknas No.70 tahun 2009, pasal 1, menyatakan pendidikan inklusif didefenisikan sebagai system penyelenggaraan pendidikan yang memberikan kesempatan kepada semua peserta didik yang memiliki kelainan dan memiliki potensi kecerdasan dan/atau bakat istimewa untuk mengikuti pendidikan atau pembelajaran dalam lingkungan pendidikan secara bersama sama dengan peserta didik pada umumnya. Pendidikan Inklusif
Pengertian Pendidikan Inklusif
Selanjutnya, Staub dan Peck (1995) mengemukakan bahwa pendidikan inklusif adalah penempatan anak berkelainan tingkat ringan, sedang, dan berat secara penuh di kelas reguler. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kelas reguler merupakan tempat belajar yang relevan bagi anak berkelainan, apapun jenis kelainannya dan bagaimanapun gradasinya.
Berit H. Johnsen dan Meriam D. Skorten (2003: 288) menyatakan, bahwa prinsip yang disesuaikan dengan sekolah inklusif menyebabkan adanya tuntutan yang besar terhadap guru reguler maupun pendidikan khusus. Ini menuntut pergeseran dari tradisi “mengajarkan materi yang sama kepada semua siswa di kelas”, menjadi mengajar setiap anak sesuai dengan kebutuhan individualnya tetapi dalam setting kelas.Pendidikan inklusif merupakan sebuah konsep atau pendekatan pendidikan yang berusaha menjangkau semua orang tanpa kecuali (Johnsen & Skjorten, 2004).Inklusi diartikan juga sebagai sistem layanan pendidikan khusus yang mempersyaratkan agar semua anak berkebutuhan khusus dan anak berkelainan dilayani di sekolah-sekolah terdekat di kelas biasa bersama teman-teman seusianya (Sapon & Shepin, 2007). Sedangkan sekolah yang inklusif merupakan sekolah yang menampung semua murid di kelas yang sama.
Sekolah ini menyediakan pendidikan yang layak, menantang, sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kemampuan settap murid (Stainback & Stainback , 1990). Jadi, sekolah inklusif merupakan tempat dimana setiap anak dapat diterima, menjadi bagian dari kelas tersebut, saltng membantu antara guru dan teman sebaya dan anggota masyarakat lainnya agar kebutuhan individualnya terpenuhi.
Landasan Pedagogis
Adanya pasal 3 UU No 20 Tahun 2003 harusnya bisa menjadi acuan dasar, sekaitan dengan tujuan pendidikan nasional untuk mengembangkan potensi peserta didik agar menjadi manusia yang beriman dan bertaqwa kepada tuhan, berakhlak mulia, kreatif, mandiri dan mampu bertanggung jawab. Oleh karena itu hadirnya pendidikan inklusif, adalah langkah untuk mendobrak stigma bahwa mereka yang berbeda pun memiliki hak yang sama, oleh karena itu pendidik dalam suatu sekolah perlu menjamin keberlangsungan pembelajaran bagi anak yang memiliki kebutuhan khusus, dan membiarkannya bersosialisasi dengan teman sebayanya yang ada di Sekolah.
Landasan Filosofis
Pancasila sebagai dasar negara sekaligus kepribadian bangsa Indonesia menjadi suatu hal fundamental untuk mendorong adanya pendidikan bersetting Inklusi, indonesia mengenal yang namanya kebhinekaan, dan hal itupula yang juga diterapkan dalam sistem pendidikan dengan menghormati segala perbedaan kecerdasan, kekuatan fisik, kemampuan finansial, kepangkatan, maupun kemampuan pengendalian diri.Landasan Yuridis
Penyelenggaraan pendidikan inklusif telah diatur dalam Permendiknas No. 70 Tahun 2009 bahwa setiap peserta didik yang memiliki kelainan fisik, emosional, mental, sosial, atau memiliki potensi kecerdasan dan/atau bakat istimewa berhak mengikuti pendidikan secara inklusif pada satuan pendidikan tertentu sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kemampuannya. Sebetulnya banyak UU yang juga beririsan dengan pendidikan inklusi, seperti halnya UU No. 4 tahun 1997 tentang penyandang cacat, dalam pasal 5 yang menyebutkan bahwa setiap penyandang cacat mempunyai hak dan kesempatan yang sama dalam segala aspek kehidupan dan penghidupan.
Judul: Pendidikan Inklusif: Pengertian, Landasan Pedagogis, Filosofis dan Yuridis
Asal: H.2010936 Universitas Djuanda Bogor
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